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sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDk k"j{ tof/L kxn sfo{qmd
cd]/Lsg /]8qm;sf] cfly{s tyf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] / e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh (NEST) sf] k|fjljlws ;xof]udf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf tLg lhNnf sf7df8f}+, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/df sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDk k"j{ tof/L kxn sfo{qmd ;+rfng e}/fv]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t sf7df8f}+ lhNnfdf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfn] lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ul/Psf] / ;DkGg ug{ jf+ls ultljlwx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
e"sDkljb / ljleGg cGt/fli6«o ;+3;+:yfx?sf] cWoog cg';f/ pkTosfdf 7"nf] e"sDk cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . e"sDk slxn] cfp+5 eGg ;ls+b}g . olb !(() ;fnsf] h:t} e"sDk cfPdf $),))) dflg;sf] d[To" x'g ;Sg], kGrfgAa] xhf/ 3fOt] x'g ;Sg], ;fl7xhf/ b]lv () xhf/ 3/x? eTsg ;Sg], ;f7L k|ltzt k'nx? eTsg]] / kflgsf] ;KnfO{ aGb x'g ;Sg] / ;f7L k|ltzt 3/x? k'g lgdf{0f ug{ g;lsg] u/L eTsg] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
;f] cWoognfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfn] ;Defljt e"sDksf] IfltnfO{ sd ug{sf] nfuL sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfof{amd sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] # j6f j8f, j8f g+= @, !^, !* / sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfsf] ! j6f j8f, j8f g+= ( df ;f] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+rfng ul/Psf ultljlwx? M
!= j8f 5gf}6
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf hfg;Sg] ;Defljt e"sDksf] IfltnfO{ sd ug{sf] nflu al9 hf]lvdk"0f{ j8fx? 5gf}6 ug]{ qmddf ljleGg j8fx?sf] j:t'l:ylt cWoog u/L sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= @, !^, !* / sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g++ ( df sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ elg @)^!.#.$ ut] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfdf j;]sf] a}7sn] j8f 5gf}6 ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . ;f] a}7saf6 gu/kflnsf k|ltlglwx?, e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?, g]=/]=;f]= pkzfvfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
@= !* j8fdf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd
j8f g+= !* df j8f:tl/o cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd g/b]jL l:yt lsnfun 8jnLdf ;DkGg eof] . ;f] cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmddf g]=/]=;f]=lhNnf zfvf, g]=/]=;f]= s]Gb|, e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh / ;f] j8fsf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? ;lxt hDdf ^& hgfsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
#= ( j8f cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd
@)^!.$.( ut] sfo{qmd ;+rflnt sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( df j8f:tl/o cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( l:yt kfËf k|f=lj= k|fËgdf sfo{qmd eof] . ;f] cled'vs/0f sfo{qmddf cd]l/sg /]8qm;sf k|ltlglwx?, g]=/]=;f]= s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwx? ;fy} g]=/]=;f]= lhNnf zfvf, pkzfvf ;fy} ;d'bfosf dflg;x? u/L hDdf !!$ hgfsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
$= !^ j8f cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd
!^ g++ j8f :tl/o cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd !^ j8f gof+jhf/ l:yt n]vgfy ;flxTo ;bgsf] ;efsIfdf ;DkGg eof] . ;f] cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmddf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfsf k|ltlglwx?, g]=/]=;f]= s]Gb|sf k|ltlglwx? ;fy} e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx? / j8fsf dflg;x?, ;+3;+:yfsf k|lglglwx? ul/ hDdf ^% hgfsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
%= @ j8f cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd
@)^!.$.#) ut] sfo{qmd ;+rflnt @ g+= j8fdf j8fl:tl/o cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd @ j8f l:yt nflhDkf6sf] nflhDkf6 Snasf] xndf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/of] . ;f] cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmddf g]=/]=;f]= sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfsf k|ltlglwx?, pkzfvfsf k|ltlglwx?, e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx? u/L hDdf ^@ hgfsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
j8f:tl/o b}jLk|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
sfo{qmd ;+rflnt j8fx?df sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmntfsf ;fy ;+rfng ug{sf] nfuL !* g++ j8fdf @)^!.$.!% ut], ( g+= j8fdf @)^!.$.!^ ut], !^ g++ j8fdf @)^!.$.@* ut] / @ g++ j8fdf @)^!.%.!) ut] b}jLk|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg eof] .
vf]h tyf p4f/ ;fdfu|L x:tfGt/0f
;Defljt e"sDk uO;s]kl5 ;f] e"sDkaf6 k'l/Psf dflg;x?sf] ;fy} ;/;fdfgsf] p4f/ ug{sf] nfuL vf]h tyf p4f/ ;fdfu|Lx? ;lxtsf] $ j6f afs; k|To]s j8fsf b}jLk|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg eof] . ;f] x:tfGt/0f !* g+= j8fdf @)^!.$.@! ut], ( g+= j8fdf @)^!.$.@! ut], !* g+= j8fdf @)^!.%.& ut], !^ g+= j8fdf @)^!.%.* ut] ePsf] lyof] . ;f] vf]h tyf p4f/sf] ;fdfu|Lx?df k|To]s jfs;df Hofs]6 $ lk;, xf8{ xfof6 $ lk;, 8f]/L ! lk;, s}+rL @ lk;, k|fylds pkrf/ emf]nf ! lk;, l;of] wfuf] $ lk;, leg]{ emf]nf ! lk;, j;f{bL $ lk;, sfkL snd $ lk;, k~hf $ lk;, hu ! lk;, l6gsf] afs; ! lk;, :6]r/ @ lk;, h'Qf $ lk;, a]Nrf # lk;, 6r{nfO{6 $ lk;, un @ lk; /x]sf] 5 .
/fxt ;fdu|L e08f/
;Defljt e"sDkaf6 x'g ;Sg] dfgljo lk8fnfO{ sd ug{ ljt/0fsf] nfuL NofOPsf] /fxt ;fdfu|L sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvf l:yt ejgsf] uf]bfddf e08f/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ul/of] . ;f] /fxt ;fdfu|Ldf !%)) kl/jf/sf] nfuL lgDg ;fdfgx? /x]sf] 5g\ aflN6g, Uoflng, lqkfn, hu, sDjn, :6f]e, ef8f, KoflsË Jofu, nfnl6g .
uf]bfd Joj:yfkg tflnd ;DkGg
@)^! efb| !) b]lv !# ut] ;Dd g]=/]=;f]= s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] eQmk'/df uf]bfd Joj:yfkg tflnd ;DkGg u¥of] . ;f] uf]bfd Joj:yfkg tflnddf sf7df8f}+ nlntk'/, eQmk'/ tLgj6} lhNnfsf hDdf @& hgf ;xefuL lyP . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfåf/f ;f] k|lzIf0fdf sfo{qmd ;+rflnt j8faf6 !.! hgf pkzfvfaf6 !.! hgf lhNnf zfvfaf6 ! hgf ;fd'bflos k|lzIfs ! hgf ul/ hDdf !! hgf ;xeflu lyP .
k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnd (TOT) ;DkGg
@)^! efb| @* ut]b]lv cflZjg * ut] ;Dd g]=/]=;f]= s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] xf]6n c/lgsf] w'lnv]ndf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnd ;DkGg u¥of] . ;f] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnddf sf7df8f}+ nlntk'/, eQmk'/ tLgj6} lhNnfsf hDdf @* hgf ;xeflu lyP . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfåf/f ;f] k|lzIf0fdf sfo{qmd ;+rflnt j8faf6 !.! hgf pkzfvfaf6 !.! hgf lhNnf zfvfaf6 ! hgf ;fd'bflos k|lzIfs ! hgf ul/ hDdf !) hgf ;xeflu lyP .
e"sDk k"j{tof/L k|fljlws k|lzIf0f ;DkGg
@)^! cflZjg !) ut]b]lv !# ut] ;Dd g]=/]=;f]= s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] xf]6n c/lgsf] w'lnv]ndf e"sDk k"j{tof/L k|fljlws k|lzIf0f ;DkGg u¥of] . ;f] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnddf sf7df8f}+ nlntk'/, eQmk'/ tLgj6} lhNnfsf hDdf @^ hgf ;xefuL lyP . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfåf/f ;f] k|lzIf0fdf sfo{qmd ;+rflnt j8faf6 !.! hgf pkzfvfaf6 !.! hgf lhNnf zfvfaf6 ! hgf ;fd'bflos k|lzIfs ! hgf ul/ hDdf !) hgf ;xeflu lyP .
j8f= g+= ( df k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;DkGg
sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+rfng ul/g] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ( df ;+rfng ul/of] . ;f] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnddf hDdf @( hgf ;xeflu lyP . ;f] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd @)^! sflt{s !% b]lv !& ;Dd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnsf] k|df0f kq ljt/0f g]=/]=;f]= sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfsf ;efklt d's'Gbjxfb'/ k|wfgn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
!^ g++ j8fdf k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;DkGg
e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+rfng ul/g] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd sf=d=kf= !^ g+= j8f l:yt afnfh' ag:ynLdf ;DkGg eof] . ;f] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd @)^! d+l;/ $ b]lv ^ ut] ;Dd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] k|fylds pkrf/ tflnddf #! hgf ;xefuL lyP . ;f] tflndsf] k|df0f kq ljt/0f !^ j8f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs 8f= ly/dfg zfSon] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
@ g+= j8fdf k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;DkGg
e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfo{qmd cGtu{t @ g++ j8fdf @)^! d+l;/ @^ ut] b]lv @* ut] ;Dd k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;DkGg eof] . ;f] tflnddf hDdf @% hgf ;xefuL lyP . ;f] k|fylds pkrf/ tflndsf] k|df0f kq g]=/]=;f]=sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfsf pk ;efklt dbg]Zj/fgGb j}Bn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
j8f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ kmlg{r/ / :6]zg/L ;fdfgx? x:tfGt/0f
e"sDk k"jtof/L kxn sfo{qmd ;+rfngfy{ u7g ul/Psf j8f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?nfO{ 6]a'n s';L{ / :6]zg/Lsf ;fdfgx? x:tfGt/0f ul/of] .
!* g++ j8fdf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg
e"sDk k"jtof/L kxn sfo{qmd ;+rflnt !* g++ j8fdf k'gM j8f:tl/o cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd @)^! d+l;/ % ut] k'g ;+rfng ul/of] . ;f] cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmddf hfkflgh k|ltlglwx?,ul/of] . ;f] cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmddf hfkflgh k|ltlglwx?, NSET sf k|ltlglwx?, g]=/]=;f]= sf7df8f}+ lhNn zfvfsf k|ltlglwx?, !* j8f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx? ;lxt NSET pkzfvfsf ul/ hDdf @$ hgf pkl:yt lyP .
lhNnf :tl/o a}7sx? ;DkGg
g]=/]=;f]= sf7df8f}+ lhNnf zfvfdf e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{sf] nfuL lhNnf zfvfdf sfo{qmd ;+rflnt j8f k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf k|ltlglwx?, pkzfvfsf k|ltlglwx?, lhNnf zfvfsf k|ltlglwx? ljr j}7s ;DkGg eof] .
k|lzIfsx?sf] j}7s ;DkGg
e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfo{qmd cGtu{t s]Gb|Lo sfof{no dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/Psf] ljleGg k|lzIf0f lnPsf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg (TOT), uf]bfd Joj:yfkg, e"sDk k"j{tof/L k|fljlws k|lzIf0f lnPsf ;j} k|lzIfsx?nfO{ a}7sdf e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+rfng ul/g] k|lzIf0fdf s:tf] e'ldsf v]Ng] eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
6\o"aj]n h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf hfg;Sg] ;Defljt e"slDko Ifltaf6 x'g;Sg] kfgLsf] cefjnfO{ k"lt{ ug]{ p2]Zon] v'nfd~rdf @ j6f 6\o"j]n h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg eof] .
gu/kflnsf :tl/o cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd
gu/kflnsfnfO{ klg o; e"sDk k"j{tof/L kxn sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg] of]hgf cg';f/ e"sDkLo hf]lvd / sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] / gu/kflnsf :tl/o ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d'x u7g ug]{ of]hgf cg';f/ sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf gu/kflnsf :tl/o cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd @)^! k'; !# ut] ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5
!* j8fdf k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;+rfng
!* j8fdf @)^! kf}if !! b]lv !# ut] ;Dd k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;+rfng eO{ /x]sf] 5 .
cfufdL sfo{qmdx?
!= sfo{qmd ;+rflnt $ j6} j8fx?df k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tflnd @= sfo{qmd ;+rflnt $ j6} j8fx?df vf]h tyf p4f/ tflnd #= ;/f]sf/ jfnf ;d'x u7g $= k|sf]k Joj:yfkg of]hgf / gS;fÍg %= s[ltd cEof; ^= ;fd'bflos ;df/f]x &= kbofqf |